Air Embolism From IV Lines

IV Infiltration Injuries — Air Embolism

The introduction and widespread use of central IV lines and other central vascular access devices (CVAD) have undeniably revolutionized medical treatment. However, this technological advancement has also brought about a heightened risk of air embolisms, a potentially life-threatening complication. When air inadvertently enters the venous or arterial systems through these devices, the repercussions can be catastrophic, leading to dire outcomes such as severe brain damage, debilitating stroke or even death. It’s imperative to recognize that instances of nursing negligence, doctor negligence or hospital negligence can significantly contribute to the occurrence of such devastating injuries caused by IV air embolisms. 

Burnside Law Firm LLP offers legal advice concerning IV infiltration injury and IV therapy injury cases. Call (706) 432-8320 or contact us by e-mail for an initial investigation of your case.

At Burnside Law Firm LLP, our attorneys are experienced in the investigation of complex medical injury and malpractice cases which can include injury caused by air embolism. Typically, for an air embolism to develop from a central IV line, three factors must be present:

• You must have an opening of some type into the venous system.
• The opening in the venous system is typically above the level of the heart.
• A sufficient amount of air must enter the system.

Nursing Negligence and Air Embolism Injuries

Jugular vein IV lines, due to their direct access to the venous system above the heart, inherently pose a heightened risk for air embolism, making them a critical consideration in medical practice. The placement of IV lines in the jugular vein necessitates a meticulous approach, as any introduction of air into this central circulation can have grave consequences. Therefore, comprehensive education and rigorous adherence to proper nursing techniques are paramount in mitigating the potential formation of air embolisms across all types of IV therapy. Ensuring that healthcare professionals are well-versed in the intricacies of IV line placement, vigilant in monitoring for any signs of air ingress, and adept at swiftly addressing any complications that may arise are essential components of safeguarding patient safety.

Ways in which air can enter the veins or arteries through IV lines:

• A hole in the catheter or tubing: Sometimes, tubing can become damaged when scissors or other sharp objects are used around a central line. This can allow air to access the line.
• Improper priming: An air embolism can occur with a peripheral IV as well if the IV tubing is not properly primed or if the IV tubing is primed while it is connected to the patient. Any time air exists in IV tubing and is allowed to enter the vascular system, complications can certainly develop.
• Improper removal of a central line: Improper removal of an IV line can also lead to an air embolism. When central lines are removed, they create an opening into the vein. Thus, the patient should be quiet and at rest so the intrathoracic pressure does not fluctuate and suck air into the venous system.

Ways to prevent an air embolism include:

• Removal of a central line: One method for removal of a central line is called a valsalva maneuver which helps prevent air from going into the venous system. By this method, the patient takes a deep breath, bears down and holds the breath while the catheter is removed. This helps stabilize the pressure within the vascular system and prevents air from going in when the line is removed.
• An air occlusive dressing: Once a central line is removed, a proper dressing must be applied over the opening to prevent air from entering. This includes a gel-based antiseptic applied over the entire catheter exit site and a transparent dressing on top of it. Tape, band aids and gauze are not air occlusive and, when used alone, present a high risk for air embolism. Air occlusive dressing should remain in place until a scab forms over the opening. Diligent inspection before removal of the dressing is also essential to proper medical care.

Heart Failure From IV Errors and Air Embolism

Injuries stemming from air embolism are profound and encompass a spectrum of severe consequences that underscore the criticality of preventative measures. When an air embolism travels to the brain, it can precipitate a stroke, inflicting irreversible damage and potentially altering the course of a person’s life in an instant. Similarly, the migration of air to the heart poses a grave threat, potentially precipitating heart failure and compromising cardiac function. Tragically, the consequences of a substantial air embolism stemming from an IV infiltration often culminate in devastating outcomes such as brain damage, heart attacks, catastrophic strokes or even untimely death. The gravity of these potential outcomes highlights the imperative for stringent protocols, meticulous monitoring, and prompt intervention to mitigate the risk and swiftly address any signs of air embolism in clinical settings.

Immediate Investigation After IV Injury

The existence of an air embolism can sometimes be confirmed by a review of the medical records, especially if a CT scan was performed shortly after symptoms developed. The attorneys at Burnside Law Firm are equipped to investigate injuries involving air embolisms by reviewing medical records, working with experts, and interviewing relevant witnesses in your case.

If you suspect medical negligence, do not hesitate to contact our Augusta or Athens, Georgia, lawyers. We offer experienced, strategic advocacy in cases involving IV injury. Call (706) 432-8320 or contact us by e-mail for an initial consultation.